Assignment
No. 1
Pak302
Spring 2020
Assignment No. 1
Total Marks: 10+5
Objectives:
To asses students’ knowledge of the
subject and to motivate them towards conceptual knowledge and practical
application of the subject.
1.
How did the establishment of
Indian National Congress (1885) trigger the Muslims leaders to have their own
separate political forum? Justify your answer with at least five points. 10
Marks
Solution:
Indian National Congress, byname Congress
Party, broadly based political party of India. Formed in 1885,
the Indian National Congress dominated the Indian movement for independence
from Great Britain. It subsequently formed most of India’s governments
from the time of independence and often had a strong presence in many state
governments.
Formation of Muslim League and its Objectives
On December 30,1906, Muslim league was formed under
the leadership of Aga Khan, the Nawab of Dhaka and Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk to
safeguard the rights of Indian Muslims. Factors that promote the Muslim league
are - British Plan, Lack of Education, Loss of Sovereignty by Muslims,
Expression of Religious Colour, Economic backwardness of India.
The partition of Bengal created a communal divide.
On December 30, 1906, Muslim league was formed under the leadership of Aga
Khan, the Nawab of Dhaka and Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk to the
notion to safeguard the rights of Indian Muslims. Initially, it gets great
support from the British but when it adopted the notion of Self-rule then they
get destitution from them. The Amritsar session of the League, held in 1908,
under the president ship of Sir Syed Ali Imam, demanding a separate
electorate for the Muslims, this was conceded to them by his Morley-Minto
Reform 1909. Maulana Muhammad Ali started an English
Journal ‘Comrade’ and an Urdu Paper ‘Hamdard’ to propagate
his anti-league views. He also started ‘Al-Hilal ‘which served as a
mouthpiece of his Nationalist views.
Factor promoting the Muslim league
British Plan
Dividing Indian on communal lines and adhered
separatist attitude in Indian politics. For example- Separate electorate,
Played caste politics between non- Brahmins and Brahmins.
Lacks of Education
Muslims were isolated from western and technical
education.
Loss Sovereignty by Muslims
1857 revolt makes British to think that Muslims are
dangerous for their colonial policy. As they were established their rule after
dethroning the Mughal rule.
Expression of Religious Color
Most of the historians and radical nationalists glorified India’s one side of our composite culture. They praises were biased because Shivaji, Rana Pratap etc were paraises but they remained silent on Akbar, Sher Shah Suri, Allauddin Khalji, Tipu Sultan etc.Economic backwardness of India
Lack of Industrialisation causes acute unemployment
and British attitude towards cottage industry was pathetic.
Objectives of the formation of league
To promote loyalty of Indian Muslims towards the British government
To protect the political and other rights of the
Indian Muslims and to place their needs and aspirations before the Government
To overcome on the feeling of hostility among
Muslims towards other communities
2.
How did Jinnah secure the rights
of Indian Muslims in his fourteen points (1928)? Justify your answer with at least five
points. 5 points
Solution:
The Fourteen Points of Jinnah were
proposed by Muhammad Ali Jinnah as a constitutional reform plan to
safeguard the political rights of Muslims in a self-governing India.
In 1928, an All Parties Conference was convened to solve the constitutional
problems of India.
Jinnah’s Fourteen Demands
1.
Federal
Constitution with residual powers to provinces.
2.
Provincial
autonomy.
3.
No
constitutional amendment by the center without the concurrence of the states
constituting the Indian federation.
4.
All
legislatures and elected bodies to have adequate representation of Muslims in
every province without reducing a majority of Muslims in a province to a
minority or equality.
5.
Adequate
representation to Muslims in the services and in self-governing bodies.
6.
One-third
Muslim representation in the Central Legislature.
7.
In any
cabinet at the center or in the provinces, one- third to be Muslims.
8.
Separate
electorates for Muslims.
9.
No
bill or resolution in any legislature to be passed if three-fourths of a
minority community considers such a bill or resolution to be against their
interests.
10. Any territorial redistribution not to
affect the Muslim majority in Punjab, Bengal and NWFP.
11. Separation of Sind from Bombay.
12. Constitutional reforms in the NWFP
and Baluchistan.
13. Full religious freedom to all
communities.
14. Protection of Muslim rights in
religion, culture, education and language
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